Download XENU - http://home.snafu.de/tilman/xenulink.html - run a crawl of your site and right click the properties of any page to see all internal links linking to that page.

404's are a natural part of websites, Google understands that. As long as you don't have links to pages on your site that are 404'ing you're fine. So basically, just make sure your website is not the source of your 404's.

No problem, don't worry about that. Just try to have the H1 with the main keyword phrase and H2 with the secondary if possible. Someone ask Cutts this question a while back and he said Google understands.

Same here - I will gladly join

I will be there, and looking very forward to meeting everyone and attending MozCon! See you all soon! - Irving

Duplicate content is not a penalty, it's a filter. Deindexing will ensure that they never rank, leave them indexed and they have a chance of ranking, worst case scenario is they don't rank well because of it.

I would refrain from using tag pages. Google does not like thin content pages and tag pages are typically just a set of links to other posts. Also, I have seen too many sites with too many unintended tags.  Category pages give you a lot more flexibility in terms of adding unique content and making them into pages worthy of ranking. Plus, category pages are in a controlled environment and there will not be any categories being accidentally formed.

"Technically speaking with www is a different URL that the one without www so you link building efforts would be split across two domain which would not be cool."

The non www should 301 to the www version, so it's not two sites, it's one. If it's two separate sites indexed that needs to be fixed asap.

But if you are www then your links should be www as well so that no page juice is lost because of the redirection.

The general consensus of my SEO peers is that approximate 15% of link juice is lost in the redirect and I second what Richard has recommended.

If it's a commonly used acronym then both the full keyword phrase and the accronym should be included in the SEO optimization process.

a) If i was the owner of the site i wouldn't want to leak PR on every page even if i did like the work that was done

b) If i was the website company i wouldn't want sitewide footer links on sites which make it look like I am paying for sponsored themes

c) if the links are nofollowed, both parties lose, PR is still leaked from the owners site and benefit is not gained for the website company

I think the best solution is a dofollow homepage ONLY footer link. This is the highest PR page, usually the most traffic so good visibility for advertising,  you're not creating tons of sitewide links with identical anchor texts, and the owner is only leaking some PR on their homepage.

subfolders are better than subdomains, it's all under one site instead of 59 (according to obama) individual subdomains.

that was an old school strategy when Google really gave push to having the keywords in the domain name and spammers took advantage of it to rank better by creating subdomains for each keyword phrase

No this won't work. it's called pagerank sculpting and used to work but Google fixed that a couple of years ago by making the nofollow counts as a link and instead all you are doing is throwing away your page juice.

I'll go one better. DON'T COLD CALL ME. I know how to use the internet to find things.

Don't use WIX or you'll be wasting your time if you want good SEO.

Consider wordpress if the site is going to be substantial because it's a widely used CMS so anyone can hop in and knows how to use it.

If it's a small simple site and a CMS is not needed you can download a free template, there are tons of free template sites on the web. Remove any sponsored links in the footer if you're using one of those though.

Absolutely not, your site is aged. A new site is like starting all over even if you do 301 the old site to the new.

a) work on improving the on page SEO on your site

b) if that new domain is available you could play around with setting that up as a stand alone site and see if you can get it ranked #1, it could take 6-12 months before Google really trusts it enough.

c) if it's that old and outdated maybe he wants to sell it at a reasonable price if it's worth that much to you?

If it's a commonly used acronym then both the full keyword phrase and the accronym should be included in the SEO optimization process.

Not a definite penalty because of that but you're in a place you don't want to be. I would undo your link exchange campaign before you get that dreaded email from Google in WMT. Link exchanges are very easy for Google to detect.

BOTW is just another link and citation. If you are having trouble getting quality links naturally from around the web, then BOTW is most likely worth the money. I heard a recent Matt Cutts video where he did speak favorably of BOTW. However, I strongly advise you to try to create likable content that can easily be shared.

Two separate issues

a) keyword density. it is now better to not overuse your keyword or keyword phrase in your content, your example is way too high. you only need a few instances in the content - add synonyms and similar industry terms rather than the same keyword over and over again. it reads horrible and Google knows you're keyword stuffing.

b) content on page. yea the word count absolutely matters in a post panda world. flimsy pages with 250 words or so will be considered low quality. pages with 500+ words will have a much better shot at ranking.